Response of phlebotomine sand flies to light-emitting diode-modified light traps in southern Egypt

Abstract The synergistic effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and kairomones on the attraction of sand flies to light traps was evaluated. Octenol and lactic acid were used as chemical attractants. Green LEDs and the incandescent lamps were used as light attractants. Five CDC-type light traps with the respective combination of attractants (incandescent lamp, incandescent lamp + chemical attractant, green LED, green LED + chemical attractant, and chemical attractant alone [without light]) were set between 18:00 and 06:00 following a Latin square design. A total of 6,536 sand flies and 16 species were collected. The most frequent species collected was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae) accounting for 43.21% of all individuals. Order of success (mean, SD) of lactic acid attractant fly capture was as follows: LED + lactic acid (36.83 ± 4.74), LED alone (34.87 ± 4.61), incandescent lamp + lactic acid (22.80 ± 3.19), incandescent lamp alone (12.67 ± 2.03), and lactic acid (0.46 ± 0.13). Order of success of octenol attractant fly capture was as follows: LED + octenol (37.23 ± 5.61), LED alone (35.77 ± 5.69), incandescent lamp + octenol (18.63 ± 3.28), incandescent lamp alone (14.67 ± 2.86), and octenol alone (1.80 ± 0.65). With exception of lactic acid + incandescent light, chemical synergists played no part in significantly increasing light trap capture of phlebotomine sand flies. However, the use of LEDs, with or without such attractants, provided significantly higher capture compared to the incandescent lamp with or without such chemicals, showing that LEDs are suitable and efficient light sources for surveillance and monitoring of phlebotomine sand flies in Brazil.

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Do Different LED Colours Influence Sand Fly Collection by Light Trap in the Mediterranean?

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/6432637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriella Gaglio ◽

Ettore Napoli ◽

Francesca Arfuso ◽

Jessica Maria Abbate ◽

Salvatore Giannetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Trap ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Trap Design ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Uv Led ◽

The Mediterranean

Light traps represent the most used attractive system to collect and monitor phlebotomine sand flies. Recent studies have suggested that light traps can be easily upgraded by the use of light-emitting diode (LED) with positive effects on trap design, weight, and battery life. However, scant data on the effect of different LED colours on the attractiveness to phlebotomine sand fly species are available in literature. In this study, the capture performances of light traps equipped with different LED colours on phlebotomine sand fly species indigenous in the Mediterranean area were evaluated. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were performed using a classical light trap (CLT), equipped with a traditional incandescent lamp, and five Laika 4.0 light traps supplied, each with LED of different colours and wavelengths: (i) white; (ii) red; (iii) green; (iv) blue; (v) UV. Light traps were set for three consecutive nights fortnightly from May to October 2017 and climate data recorded using a meteorological station. A total of 411 phlebotomine sand flies (191 males and 220 females), belonging to three different species, namely, Phlebotomus perniciosus (n= 298, 141 males and 157 females), Sergentomyia minuta (n=110, 48 males and 62 females), and Phlebotomus neglectus (n=3, 2 males and 1 females) were collected. Abundance of capture was influenced by colours of LED and time. The highest number of phlebotomine sand flies was captured on June (P<0.01) and by UV LED (P<0.01). As regard to species, P. perniciosus was mainly captured by UV LED on June (P<0.01). No effect of time (P>0.05) or LED colour (P>0.05) was recorded for S. minuta and P. neglectus. According to the results of the present study light trap equipped with UV LED can represent an effective tool for the capture of sand fly species in the Mediterranean area.

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Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1768-1774

Author(s):

Aioub Sofizadeh ◽

Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽

Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽

Fatemeh Karimi

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Golestan Province ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

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Monitoring and potential control of sea lice using an LED-based light trap

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f09-094 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 1371-1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iñigo Novales Flamarique ◽

Christina Gulbransen ◽

Moira Galbraith ◽

Dario Stucchi

Keyword(s):

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Trap ◽

Sea Lice ◽

Light Traps ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Farmed Salmon ◽

Potential Control ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Salmon Lice

Sea lice are ectoparasitic copepods that threaten salmon farming aquaculture and the viability of wild salmon populations. To control infestations on farmed salmon, several chemotherapeutants have been developed, but these are invasive (often causing fish stress and loss in production), costly, may induce parasite resistance over time, and their impact on the environment is a major social concern. Here, we show that a light-emitting diode (LED)-based light trap can be used to monitor sea lice presence on fish and in the water. The performance of the light trap was tested in experimental tanks and in the ocean. Plankton net tows were also performed to compare catches with those from light traps. The light trap caught ~70% of salmon lice larval stages loaded onto a tank and ~24% of the adults. It also acted as a delousing agent by removing ~8% of adult salmon lice infective on Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) smolts in tank experiments. In the ocean, the light trap caught 21 sea lice (10 Lepeophtheirus salmonis and 11 Caligus clemensi ), comprising free-swimming and attached stages, while plankton net tows failed to capture any. We conclude that light traps constitute an effective, noninvasive, environmentally friendly method to monitor sea lice.

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Performance of light-emitting diode traps for collecting sand flies in entomological surveys in Argentina

Journal of Vector Ecology ◽

10.1111/jvec.12176 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

María Soledad Fernández ◽

Mariela Florencia Martínez ◽

Adriana Alicia Pérez ◽

María Soledad Santini ◽

Ignacio Tomás Gould ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Emitting

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Decreased capture of natural enemies of pests in light traps with light-emitting diode technology

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/aab.12458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 173 (3) ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lei Bian ◽

Xiao-Ming Cai ◽

Zong-Xiu Luo ◽

Zhao-Qun Li ◽

Zong-Mao Chen

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Traps ◽

Light Emitting

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Improved Trapping of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Light Traps Supplemented with Dry Ice in a Neotropical Rain Forest

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jmedent/20.2.222 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 222-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Byron N. Chaniotis

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Dry Ice ◽

Neotropical Rain Forest

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Flight to Light Response of Red Pumpkin Beetle (Aulacophora africana Weise) to Differently Coloured Light-emitting Diode and Incandescent Bulb Lights

Advanced Journal of Graduate Research ◽

10.21467/ajgr.7.1.64-69 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69

Author(s):

Chukwu Alexander Timothy ◽

Nuhu Samiala ◽

Emmanuel Okrikata

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Light Response ◽

Light Traps ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Incandescent Bulb ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ordinary Light ◽

The Difference ◽

White Colour

Red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora africana Weise) is an important defoliator and vector of pathogens to its numerous crop hosts. Control had largely been by synthetic insecticides with their attendant consequences on man and the environment thus necessitating scientific studies on environmental-friendly management strategies. The experiment was conducted in the Research Farm of Federal University Wukari in the month of May 2019 with the aim of evaluating the attractiveness of A. africana to Light-emitting diode (LED) and Incandescent Light bulb colours. Five colours (red, yellow, green, blue and white) were used for the study. Each colour light was properly projected on 2 metre vertical screen (made of white polyethene) placed one meter above the ground. A setup without bulb served as the control. The light traps were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in 6 replicates and ran simultaneously for six hours (1800 to 2400hrs). The pumpkin beetles attracted were collected in tubs containing soapy water. A. africana collected were counted and recorded according to bulb type and colour. Samples were identified at the Insect Museum of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Among the Incandescent bulbs, White colour was most attractive to A. africana (4.30±0.38) while red attracted the least (0.71±0.01). Among LED bulbs, Blue was most attractive (3.99±1.01) while Red also attracted the least (0.78±0.03). Overall, LED attracted more pumpkin beetles than Incandescent bulb even though Student Newman Keul’s test indicates that the difference between them was due to random variation (p = 0.16). Correlation and regression analyses indicated increase in insect attraction with increased light intensity. The results, therefore, suggest that white Incandescent or blue LED bulb colours can be incorporated into insecticidal light traps to suppress their population/attract them away from host plants or fixed into ordinary light traps to harvest the insect for scientific studies.

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